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Carolina Santos holds a degree in Psychological Sciences from ISPA-Instituto Universitário (Portugal) and has a Masters in Evolutionary and Comparative Psychology from the University of St. Andrews (Scotland). She is currently a doctoral candidate at the University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE-IUL, Portugal). Her research interests focus on the evolution of parental care, especially on the role of the father in child development, from a comparative perspective. Her current thesis focuses on parental involvement and its implications for the child’s socio-emotional development, under the supervision of Dr. Lígia Monteiro (ISCTE-IUL, CIS-IUL).
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Identification

Personal identification

Full name
Carolina Santos

Citation names

  • Santos, C.

Author identifiers

Ciência ID
FF18-E184-F681
ORCID iD
0000-0002-2776-8795
Researcher Id
AAW-3704-2020
Scopus Author Id
25948962200

Addresses

  • Avenida das Forças Armadas, Edifício I, 1649-026, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal (Professional)

Websites

  • https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carolina_Santos24 (Scholar)
  • https://ciencia.iscte-iul.pt/authors/author-public-page-907319/cv (Professional)

Knowledge fields

  • Social Sciences - Psychology

Languages

Language Speaking Reading Writing Listening Peer-review
Portuguese (Mother tongue)
English Proficiency (C2) Proficiency (C2) Proficiency (C2) Proficiency (C2)
French Beginner (A1) Elementary (A2) Beginner (A1) Elementary (A2)
Education
Degree Classification
2018 - 2023
Ongoing
 PhD in Psychology (Doctor of Philosophy)
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal
"Paternal involvement: Contexts and quality. Its implications for the quality of children's socio-emotional adjustment" (THESIS/DISSERTATION)
2015 - 2016
Concluded
 MSc in Evolutionary and Comparative Psychology: The Origins of Mind (Master)
University of St Andrews, United Kingdom
"The sunk cost effect in captive great apes (Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, Pan paniscus, Pongo abelii)" (THESIS/DISSERTATION)
2012 - 2015
Concluded
 Psychological Sciences (Bachelor)
Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas Sociais e da Vida, Portugal
Affiliation

Science

Category
Host institution 		Employer
2018/10 - Current Researcher (Research) ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2016/09 - 2017/04 Research Assistant (Research) University of Dundee School of Psychology, United Kingdom
2016/05 - 2016/07 Research Trainee (Research) Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
Wolfgang Köhler Primate Research Center (Pongoland), Germany
2014/10 - 2015/06 Research Trainee (Research) ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal
2014/03 - 2014/05 Research Trainee (Research) Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas Sociais e da Vida, Portugal
Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Portugal

Positions / Appointments

Category
Host institution 		Employer
2021/03 - Current Coordination team of the research group Community, Education and Development (CED) ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2016/09 - 2017/04 Manager of Laboratory, Institute, Museum, Centre or Observatory University of Dundee School of Psychology, United Kingdom
Projects

Grant

Designation Funders
2018 - 2023/01 Paternal Involvement: contexts and quality. Its implications for the quality of socio-emotional adjustment
SFRH/BD/138705/2018
COVID/BD/152763/2022
PhD Student Fellow
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Ongoing

Contract

Designation Funders
2020 - Current A Blog as open learning platform for the field of Early Childhood Education about Research and Innovation to support Disadvantaged and Diverse children (BECERID)
2017-1-be02-ka201-034755
Researcher
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
 European Commission
Concluded
2019 - 2020/02 Adaptation and pilot study of the Multi-Component Early Intervention Turtle Program
Process nº 222926
Technical development
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada Centro de Investigação William James, Portugal
 Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
Concluded
2016 - 2016/07 Constructing Social Minds: Coordination, Communication and Cultural Transmission
609819
Research Intern (Master)
University of St Andrews School of Psychology and Neuroscience, United Kingdom

Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie, Germany
European Research Council
Concluded
2014 - 2014/05 Social comparative cognition: the zebra-fish as a neurobehavioral model
PTDC/PSI-PCO/118776/2010
Research Intern
Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas Sociais e da Vida, Portugal

Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Portugal
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Concluded

Other

Designation Funders
2018 - Current Dad's Involvement: is it just "cool and trendy" or does it really matter?
N/A
Researcher
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
Not funded
2020 - 2020/09 Parental challenge behaviors from the perspective of Portuguese fathers and mothers (Pilot Study)
Estudo Piloto_2020_LigiaMonteiro
Researcher
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
 ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social
Concluded
2014 - 2015/06 Dad's Involvement: is it just "cool and trendy" or does it really matter?
N/A
Research Intern
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
Not funded
Outputs

Publications

Conference abstract
  1. Santos, C.; Monteiro, L. "Paternal involvement: Contexts and quality. Its implications for the quality of children's socio-emotional adjustment". Paper presented in XV PhD Meeting in Psychology, Lisboa, Portugal, 2019.
    Published
Conference poster
  1. Santos, C.; Monteiro, L.; Nobre, D. "Children's attachment representations and self-concept". Paper presented in International Attachment Conference 2022, 2022.
  2. Costa Martins, M.; Santos, C.; Fernandes, M.; Veríssimo, M. "Attachment and the development of prosocial behavior in children and adolescents: A systematic review". Paper presented in International Attachment Conference 2022, 2022.
  3. Santos, C.; Monteiro, L.; Torres, N. "Quality of mothers' and fathers' parenting behaviors (sensitivity): the role of work and father involvement". Paper presented in International Attachment Conference 2022, 2022.
  4. Santos, C.; Monteiro, L.; Ribeiro, O. "Temperament and siblings: Does it matter for the quality of play?". Paper presented in 26th ISSBD Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, Rhodes, Greece, 2022.
  5. Santos, C; Monteiro, L. "Profiles of father involvement: Fathers sense of competence and the challenges of balancing work and family". Paper presented in 26th ISSBD Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, Rhodes, Greece, 2022.
  6. Santos, C.; Monteiro, L.; Torres, N.; Amaral, R. "Work-family balance from men's perspective. Does higher involvement in child related activities lead to more strains?". Paper presented in 2021 Virtual Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Virtual Event, 2021.
  7. Santos, C.; Monteiro, L.; Torres, N.; Salinas-Quiroz, F.; Neves, A.; Amaral, R. "Father's involvement in Portuguese families: Fathers' and mothers' beliefs about the role of the father". Paper presented in 26th ISSBD Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, Rhodes, Greece (Conference canceled), 2020.
  8. Amaral, R.; Monteiro, L.; Santos, C.; Neves, A. "Parenting and child temperament. The role of father involvement". Paper presented in 26th ISSBD Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, Rhodes, Greece (Conference canceled), 2020.
  9. Amaral, R.; Monteiro, L.; Santos, C. "Father's positive parenting and his beliefs about the role of the father in a Portuguese sample". Paper presented in 26th ISSBD Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, Rhodes, Greece (Conference canceled), 2020.
  10. Santos, C.; Monteiro, L.; Ribeiro, O.. "Preschool children's social and non-social play behaviors: The role of siblings and temperament". Paper presented in 2020 Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Special Topic Meeting: Learning Through Play and Imagination, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (Conference canceled), 2020.
  11. Santos, C.; Monteiro, L.; Ribeiro, O.; Amaral, R. "Children's play profiles during the pre-school years: Contributions from temperament, father's involvement and parenting styles". Paper presented in 2019 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 2019.
  12. Amaral, R.; Monteiro, L.; Santos, C. "Comportamentos sociais e não-sociais em contexto pré-escolar: Um olhar sobre as características individuais da criança". Paper presented in XIV Colóquio Internacional de Psicologia e Educação, Lisboa, Portugal, 2018.
  13. Amaral, R.; Monteiro, L.; Santos, C. "A parentalidade na perspectiva do pai". Paper presented in XIV Colóquio Internacional de Psicologia e Educação, Lisboa, Portugal, 2018.
  14. Santos, C.; Sanchez-Amaro, A.; Heintz, C.; Sperber, D.; Call, J. "The sunk cost effect in captive great apes (Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, Pan paniscus, Pongo abelii)". Paper presented in Behaviour 2017, joint meeting of the 35th International Ethological Conference (IEC) and the 2017 Summer Meeting of the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (ASAB), Estoril, Portugal, 2017.
  15. Santos, C.; Monteiro, L.; Sousa, T.; Branco, I. "Coparenting quality in Portuguese nuclear families, associations with father involvement in care and socialization activities". Paper presented in 2017 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Austin, Texas, USA, 2017.
  16. Fernandes, M.; Monteiro, L.; Santos, C.; Branco, I.; Chora, M. "Fathers parenting styles and their involvement in childcare. The moderating roles of father's education and working hours". Paper presented in 2017 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Austin, Texas, USA, 2017.
  17. Cardoso, J.; Monteiro, L.; Ferreira, B.; Branco, I.; Ribeiro, O.; Santos, C. "Father's involvement and parental interactional styles in a sample of Portuguese families". Paper presented in 17th European Conference of Developmental Psychology, Braga, Portugal, 2015.
  18. Sousa, T.; Magalhães, S.; Castro, F.; Ferreira, A.; Santos, C.; Arriaga, P.; Monteiro, L. "O papel do envolvimento paterno na compreensão emocional das crianças em idade pré-escolar". Paper presented in XIII Colóquio Internacional de Psicologia e Educação, Lisboa, Portugal, 2015.
  19. Monteiro, L.; Torres, N.; Branco, I.; Pessoa e Costa, I.; Santos, C. "Father involvement in care and socialization activities with children: Is it all about fathers or are mothers being gatekeepers?". Paper presented in 2015 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 2015.
Journal article
  1. Torres, N.; Santos, C.; Monteiro, L. "Parenting sensitivity, salivary oxytocin levels and children's behavioral problems in Portuguese families". PSICOLOGIA (2022):
    Accepted
  2. Nóblega, M.; Guimet, M.; Ugarte, A.; Marinelli , F.; Apolinario, G.; Uchuya, D.; Santos, C. "Is father's rearing history associated with their own involvement in childrearing? A Peruvian study". PSICOLOGIA (2022):
    Accepted
  3. Santos, C.; Monteiro, L.; Torres, N. "The role of child's age, sex, and temperament in father involvement during the pre-school years". Children 9 9 (2022): 1327. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091327.
    Published • 10.3390/children9091327
  4. Nóblega, M.; Núñez del Prado, J.; Guimet, M.; Apolinario, G.; Monteiro, L.; Diniz, E.; Santos, C. "Validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Involucramiento Parental: Actividades de cuidado y socialización en padres peruanos [Validity and reliability of the Parental Involvement Scale: Caregiving and socialization activities in Peruvian parents]". Acta Colombiana de Psicología 25 2 (2022): 142-157. https://doi.org/10.14718/acp.2022.25.2.9.
    Published • 10.14718/acp.2022.25.2.9
  5. Costa Martins, M.; Santos, C.; Fernandes, M.; Veríssimo, M. "Attachment and the development of prosocial behavior in children and adolescents: A systematic review". Children 9 6 (2022): 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060874.
    Published • 10.3390/children9060874
  6. Santos, C.; Monteiro, L.; Torres, N.; Tereno, S. "Implication paternelle chez des enfants d'âge préscolaire. Contributions des styles parentaux et de l'affectivité négative de l'enfant [Paternal involvement with preschoolers: The contributions of parenting styles and child negative affect]". Devenir 33 3 (2021): 221-240. https://doi.org/10.3917/dev.213.0221.
    Published • 10.3917/dev.213.0221
  7. Amaral, R.; Monteiro, L.; Santos, C.; Torres, N. "Crenças sobre o papel do pai numa amostra de homens Portugueses [Beliefs about the role of the father in a sample of Portuguese men. Implications for a positive parenting]". PSICOLOGIA 34 2 (2020): 159-170. https://doi.org/10.17575/psicologia.v34i2.1517.
    Published • 10.17575/psicologia.v34i2.1517
  8. Santos, C.; Monteiro, L.; Ribeiro, O.; Vaughn, B. E. "Children's play profiles: Contributions from child's temperament and father's parenting styles in a Portuguese sample". Frontiers in Psychology 11 (2020): https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01978.
    Published • 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01978
  9. Amaral, R.; Monteiro, L.; Santos, C. "Perfis de envolvimento relativo do pai: Implicações para o ajustamento social de crianças em jardim-de-infância [Profiles of father's relative involvement and children's socio-emotional adjustment during pre-school]". Análise Psicológica 37 4 (2019): 463-477. https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.1553.
    Published • 10.14417/ap.1553
  10. Monteiro, L.; Fernandes, M.; Torres, N.; Santos, C. "Father's involvement and parenting styles in Portuguese families. The role of education and working hours". Análise Psicológica 35 4 (2017): 513-528. https://doi.org/10.14417/ap.1451.
    Published • 10.14417/ap.1451
Online resource
  1. Santos, C. Brincadeiras físicas e de lutas amigáveis: devemos inibir ou encorajar?. 2022. https://primeirosanos.iscte-iul.pt/2022/05/11/brincadeiras-fisicas-e-de-lutas-amigaveis-devemos-inibir-ou-encorajar/.
  2. Santos, C. Quando as crianças brincam sozinhas [Blog post]. 2021. http://primeirosanos.iscte-iul.pt/2021/05/26/quando-as-criancas-brincam-sozinhas/.
  3. Monteiro, L.; Santos, C. Parentalidade. Onde está o pai? [Blog post]. 2020. https://primeirosanos.iscte-iul.pt/2020/12/09/parentalidade-onde-anda-o-pai/.
Thesis / Dissertation
  1. Santos, C.. "The sunk cost effect in captive great apes (Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, Pan paniscus, Pongo abelii)". Master, University of St Andrews School of Psychology and Neuroscience, 2016.
Activities

Event organisation

Event name
Type of event (Role) 		Institution / Organization
2022/07/11 - 2022/07/16 International Attachment Conference 2022 [SEAS - Society for Emotion and Attachment] (2022/07/13 - 2022/07/16)
Conference (Other)
 Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas Sociais e da Vida, Portugal
2018/12 - 2019/05 XV PhD Meeting in Psychology (2019/05/16 - 2019/05/17)
Conference (Member of the Organising Committee)
 ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal
2017/07/30 - 2017/08/04 Behaviour 2017 [35th International Ethological Conference (IEC) & 2017 Summer Meeting of the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (ASAB)] (2017/07/30 - 2017/08/04)
Conference (Other)
 Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas Sociais e da Vida, Portugal

Event participation

Activity description
Type of event 		Event name
Institution / Organization
2022/03/30 - 2022/03/30 Optimize your Qualtrics Survey (Sofia Frade, PhD)
Workshop
 Laboratório de Psicologia Social e Organizacional (LAPSO)
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2022/03/28 - 2022/03/28 Eye-tracking Studies: How to Export and Organize Data (Sofia Frade, PhD)
Workshop
 Laboratório de Psicologia Social e Organizacional (LAPSO)
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2022/02/11 - 2022/02/11 Eye-tracking studies: Introduction to Program in Experimenter Builder (Sofia Frade, PhD)
Workshop
 Laboratório de Psicologia Social e Organizacional (LAPSO)
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2022/01/10 - 2022/01/27 Brain Story Certification (Online Certified Course)
Other
Alberta Family Wellness Initiative, Canada
2021/07/01 - 2021/07/06 Workshop on R (Cláudia Abreu Lopes, PhD)
Workshop
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2020/12/10 - 2020/12/11 Mixed-Models Analysis: From Theory to Practice (Cláudia Simão, PhD)
Seminar
 Doctoral Program in Psychology
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2020/12/03 - 2020/12/03 Research Ethics in Psychology (Margarida Garrido, PhD)
Workshop
 Doctoral Program in Psychology
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2020/11/02 - 2020/11/30 The Essential of Research Data Management (Online Certified Course)
Other
 NAU (FCCN, FCT)
Secretaria Geral da Educação e Ciência, Portugal

Universidade do Minho, Portugal
2020/04/13 - 2020/04/13 Hand Hygiene in the Prevention of Infections (Online Certified Course)
Other
 NAU (FCCN, FCT)
Direcção-Geral da Saúde, Portugal

Ordem dos Farmaceuticos, Portugal
2019/07/01 - 2019/07/01 Qualitative Research with Thematic Analysis with NVIVO (Luana Ferreira, PhD)
Workshop
 II CED Summer Meeting
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2019/05/01 - 2019/05/31 Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders (HTKS) Measure of Self-Regulation (Megan McClelland, PhD)
Workshop
 Online Training
Oregon State University, United States
2019/05/11 - 2019/05/11 General Data Protection Regulation for Attentive Citizens (Online Certified Course)
Other
 NAU (FCCN, FCT)
Direção-Geral da Qualificação dos Trabalhadores em Funções Públicas, Portugal
2019/05/09 - 2019/05/10 Analyzing discourse and communication for understanding socio-psychological processes (Susana Batel, PhD)
Seminar
 Doctoral Program in Psychology
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2019/03/04 - 2019/03/08 Coding Parental Sensitivity (Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg, PhD)
Workshop
 Trainings in Key Attachment Measures
University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
2019/01/24 - 2019/01/31 Brief Introduction to R (Maksim Rudnev, PhD)
Seminar
 Doctoral Program in Psychology
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2018/12/10 - 2018/12/11 How to conduct, present and publish sound research. Lessons from the replicability crisis for planning studies and writing manuscripts (Thomas Shubert, PhD)
Workshop
 Doctoral Program in Psychology
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2018/11/22 - 2018/11/23 Systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis in Psychology (Fernando F. Santos, PhD)
Seminar
 Doctoral Program in Psychology
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2016/02/04 - 2016/02/04 Basic statistics using R
Workshop
 Centre for Academic, Professional and Organisational Development
University of St Andrews, United Kingdom
2013/11 - 2014/05 Research Skills Development Program
Other
Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas Sociais e da Vida, Portugal
2013/11/13 - 2013/11/13 Introduction to AAI - Adult Attachment Interview (June Sroufe, PhD)
Workshop
Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas Sociais e da Vida, Portugal
2013/11/09 - 2013/11/10 Environmental Education Counselor
Workshop
 Environmental Education Workshops
Jardim Zoológico de Lisboa, Portugal

Association member

Society Organization name Role
2022/05 - Current Special Interest Research Group on Father-Child Attachment and Relationships (SIRG-FCAR) of the Society for Emotions and Attachment Studies (SEAS) Member

Course / Discipline taught

Academic session Degree Subject (Type) Institution / Organization
2020/02/11 - 2020/03/11 Developmental Psychology of Child and Adolescent Psicologia (Licenciatura) ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal
2019/11/25 - 2019/11/25 Psychological Assessment of the Child and Adult Psicologia Comunitária, Proteção de Crianças e Jovens em Risco (Mestrado) ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal
2019/03/15 - 2019/03/15 Developmental Psychology of Child and Adolescent Psicologia (Licenciatura) ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Portugal

Journal scientific committee

Journal title (ISSN) Publisher
2022/04 - Current Trends in Psychology (23581883) Springer
Distinctions

Award

2022 Centre for Social Research and Intervention (ISCTE-IUL) Incentive for Scientific Publication Awards 2022
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2021 Centre for Social Research and Intervention (ISCTE-IUL) Incentive for Scientific Publication Awards 2021
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2020 Centre for Social Research and Intervention (ISCTE-IUL) Incentive for Scientific Publication Awards 2020
ISCTE-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social, Portugal
2015 Academic Merit Award/Diploma
Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas Sociais e da Vida, Portugal

Other distinction

2018 FCT Individual PhD Research Scholarship (SFRH/BD/138705/2018)
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal