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Daniel Carvalho completed his PhD in Archaeology and Prehistory in School of Arts and Humanities of the University of Lisbon with co-supervision from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona in 2025/10/14. Since then, he has worked as a researcher in computational archaeology and AI-driven methodologies, contributing to projects such as 50LAYERS, ÁguaDoce/ÁguaSalgada, and the internationally funded SIMBAY-GRASP. He is currently enrolled in a Master’s in Data Science at the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon to further formalize his technical expertise. His research focuses on the intersection of archaeology, data science, and artificial intelligence. He is especially interested in how computational tools can transform archaeological theory, fieldwork, and public engagement. In this emerging field, he has published several peer-reviewed articles in international journals and has organised leading conference sessions on robotics, AI, and archaeological theory at venues such as CAA, EAA, and TAG. He has also been active in science communication, outreach, and community building, having been a member of FLUL-HD Digital Humanities group, participated in the Managing Artificial Intelligence in Archaeology (MAIA) COST Action, and served as a recommender and editor for Peer Community Archaeology (PCI). His work aims to position Portugal at the forefront of AI-driven archaeology while fostering open science and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Identification

Personal identification

Full name
Daniel Martins da Silva Rodrigues de Carvalho

Citation names

  • Carvalho, Daniel

Author identifiers

Ciência ID
C41F-F189-A528
ORCID iD
0000-0003-3908-5198

Addresses

  • Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal (Professional)

Websites

Knowledge fields

  • Engineering and Technology - Electrotechnical Engineering, Electronics and Informatics - Robotics and Automatic Control
  • Exact Sciences - Computer and Information Sciences
  • Humanities - History and Archaeology

Languages

Language Speaking Reading Writing Listening Peer-review
Portuguese (Mother tongue)
English Advanced (C1) Proficiency (C2) Advanced (C1) Advanced (C1) Advanced (C1)
Spanish; Castilian Elementary (A2) Upper intermediate (B2) Intermediate (B1) Upper intermediate (B2) Upper intermediate (B2)
French Elementary (A2) Intermediate (B1) Elementary (A2) Intermediate (B1) Intermediate (B1)
Education
Degree Classification
2024 - 2026
Ongoing
Data Science (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências, Portugal
"Real2Sim2Real Gaussian-Splatting Simulator for Robotic Manipulation with Synthetic Data and Deep Learning" (THESIS/DISSERTATION)
2021/01/01 - 2025/10/14
Concluded
Archaeology and Prehistory (Doctor of Philosophy)
Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras, Portugal

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Departament de Prehistòria, Spain
"The Artificial Theorist: identifying concepts, ideas and patterns in the archaeological discourse of Iberian Peninsula (20th-21st centuries) resorting to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning" (THESIS/DISSERTATION)
Approved with Distinction and Honors
2024/03/21 - 2024/06/24
Concluded
Professional Training in NoCode Software Development (Outros)
NoCode Institute of Technology, Portugal
2024/05/01 - 2024/05/24
Concluded
Introduction to Data Engineering (Outros)
Coursera Inc, United States

IBM Research and Development Inc, United States
2024/04/01 - 2024/04/25
Concluded
Data Analytics Essentials (Outros)
Coursera Inc, United States

IBM Research and Development Inc, United States
2020/04/13
Concluded
Deep Learning With Tensorflow (Outros)
Major in Aprendizagem Automática - Machine Learning
365 Data Science, Bulgaria
2020/03/01 - 2020/04/11
Concluded
SQL+Tableau+Python (Outros)
365 Data Science, Bulgaria
2020/04/10
Concluded
The Python Programmer Bootcamp (Outros)
Major in Linguagem de programação Python
365 Data Science, Bulgaria
2017/10/01 - 2019/12/10
Concluded
Archaeology (Master)
Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras, Portugal
"Antiguidades, Gabinetes e Colecionadores: em torno da Arqueologia, no século XVIII em Portugal" (THESIS/DISSERTATION)
18 valores
2018/10/20
Concluded
Initial Pedagogical Training for Trainers (Outros)
Major in Formação
ALAMEDAS OFFICE - CONSULTADORIA E FORMAÇÃO RECURSOS HUMANOS, Portugal
5 - EXCELENTE
2014/10/01 - 2017/07/31
Concluded
Archaeology (Licenciatura)
Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras, Portugal
16 valores
2016/08/22 - 2016/08/26
Concluded
Biological Anthropology I - Introduction to human osteological analysis (Outros)
Major in Antropologia
Universidade Nova de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Portugal
18 valores
2012/09/15 - 2014/07/31
Concluded
Scientific-Humanistic Course in Science and Technology (Ensino secundário)
Major in Ciências e Tecnologia
Escola Secundária Santa Maria de Sintra, Portugal
14 valores
Affiliation

Science

Category
Host institution
Employer
2025/11/01 - Current Researcher (Research) Universidade de Lisboa LASIGE Laboratório de Sistemas Informáticos de Grande Escala, Portugal
2021/01/01 - 2025/01/01 Researcher (Research) Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal
Universidade de Lisboa Centro de Arqueologia, Portugal
(...)
2021 - 2025 Researcher (Research) Universidade de Lisboa Centro de Arqueologia, Portugal

Other Careers

Category
Host institution
Employer
2019/11/01 - 2020/09 Técnico Superior (Técnico Superior) AMPHORA, LDA, Portugal
Projects

Grant

Designation Funders
2025/11/01 - 2026/04/28 Real2Sim2Real Gaussian-Splatting Simulator for Robotic Manipulation with Synthetic Data and Deep Learning
SIMBAY-GRASP
Master Student Fellow
Universidade de Lisboa LASIGE Laboratório de Sistemas Informáticos de Grande Escala, Portugal
Horizon Europe Framework Programme
Ongoing
2025/01/01 - 2025/06/30 50LAYERS | 50 camadas de uma revolução: a Arqueologia Pré-histórica depois do 25 de abril de 1974
2023.10940.25ABR
Master Student Fellow
Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras, Portugal
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Ongoing
2021/01/01 - 2025/01/01 The Artificial Theorist: identifying concepts, ideas and patterns in the archaeological discourse of Iberian Peninsula (20th-21st centuries) resorting to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
2020.08612.BD
PhD Student Fellow
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Ongoing

Contract

Designation Funders
2025/10/01 - 2026/02/28 Água-doce, água-salgada: património arqueológico em risco, num clima em mudança
Água doce, Água salgada
Researcher
Universidade de Lisboa Centro de Arqueologia, Portugal
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

PLANNAP
Ongoing
Outputs

Publications

Journal article
  1. Carvalho, Daniel. "Digital Twins, Ontologies and Decision Systems for Cultural Heritage". PCI Archaeology (2025): https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.archaeo.100624.
    Open access • Published
  2. Carvalho, Daniel. "Arqueologia do Lixo Eletrónico: toxicidade, memória e desafios contemporâneos". Al-Madan 28 (2025): 101-105.
    Open access • Published
  3. Carvalho, Daniel; Agosto, Mara Beatriz. "Arquivos da Terra: para uma historiografia do conceito de escavação entre o Antiquarismo e o início da Arqueologia em Portugal (séc. XVIII-XIX)". Conimbriga 64 (2025): 213-234. https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-8657_64_7.
    Open access • Published • 10.14195/1647-8657_64_7
  4. Carvalho, Daniel. "Web Semântica aplicada à Arqueologia: Análise de dados estruturados através de SPARQL, DBpedia e Wikidata". CIRA Arqueologia 9 (2025): 101-109. https://www.cm-vfxira.pt/cmvfxira/uploads/document/file/7283/01_001_112_ciraarqueologia9.pdf.
    Open access • Published
  5. Agosto, Mara Beatriz; Carvalho, Daniel. "Archaeological Landscapes as Literary Landscapes: between Text, the Senses and Aesthetics". Estudos do Quaternário Quaternary Studies 25 (2025): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i25.234.
    Open access • 10.30893/eq.v0i25.234
  6. Carvalho, Daniel. "Excavating archaeological knowledge with Text Mining, NER and BERT". Peer Community in Archaeology (2025): https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.archaeo.100547.
    Open access • Published • 10.24072/pci.archaeo.100547
  7. Carvalho, Daniel. "On Plastic, Glass and Silicon. Methodological and Theoretical Reflections of Electronic Waste in Archaeology". Journal of Contemporary Archaeology 11 1 (2024): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1558/jca.26868.
    Published • 10.1558/jca.26868
  8. Carvalho, Daniel. "Social Robotics in the Museum: a case for human-robot interaction using RFID Technology". Peer Community in Archaeology (2024): https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.archaeo.100327.
    Open access • Published • 10.24072/pci.archaeo.100327
  9. Carvalho, Daniel. "Theorizing Backdirt: Between Contemporary Archaeology and a Meta-Critique". Journal of Field Archaeology 49 2 (2024): 115-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/00934690.2024.2307114.
    Published • 10.1080/00934690.2024.2307114
  10. Carvalho, Daniel. "3D Models, Knowledge and Visualization: a prototype for 3D virtual models according to plausible criteria". Peer Community in Archaeology (2024): https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.archaeo.100339.
    Open access • Published • 10.24072/pci.archaeo.100339
  11. Carvalho, Daniel. "Beyond Deep Blue: Underwater robotics, simulations and archaeology". Peer Community in Archaeology (2024): https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.archaeo.100402.
    Open access • Published • 10.24072/pci.archaeo.100402
  12. Carvalho, Daniel. "A critical theory of the drone in archaeology: on space, epistemology, and automation". Drone Systems and Applications 12 (2024): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1139/dsa-2023-0142.
    Open access • Published • 10.1139/dsa-2023-0142
  13. Carvalho, Daniel; Carvalho, Daniel. "Por uma arqueologia do antropoceno: tempo, identidade e novos artefactos numa nova era". digitAR - Revista Digital de Arqueologia, Arquitectura e Artes 9 (2023): 312-322. https://doi.org/10.14195/2182-844x_9_21.
    Open access • Published • 10.14195/2182-844x_9_21
  14. Carvalho, Daniel. "SCHNAPP, A., 2020 Une Histoire Universelle des Ruines: Des Origines aux Lumières. Paris: Éditions du Seuil. 744 p. [ISBN 978-2-02128-250-4]". Ophiussa. Revista do Centro de Arqueologia da Universidade de Lisboa 7 (2023): 174-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.51679/ophiussa.2023.132.
    10.51679/ophiussa.2023.132
  15. Carvalho, Daniel; Agosto, Frederico. "Tools of Archaeology: Toward an Integrated History of Archaeology". Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 33 1 (2023): https://doi.org/10.5334/bha-703.
    10.5334/bha-703
  16. Carvalho, Daniel. "Gabinetes setecentistas na História da Arqueologia Portuguesa: espaços, proprietários e artefactos". Conimbriga 61 (2022): 295-325. https://doi.org/10.14195/1647-8657_61_8.
    Open access • 10.14195/1647-8657_61_8
  17. Carvalho, Daniel. "Violência, Morte e Primitivismo: Conceitos e Interpretações da Arqueologia No Século XIX". Revista Habitus - Revista do Instituto Goiano de Pré-História e Antropologia 19 2 (2022): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.18224/hab.v19i2.9117.
    10.18224/hab.v19i2.9117
  18. Carvalho, Daniel. "Estará morta a Teoria da Arqueologia em Portugal? Uma análise crítica.". Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia 61 (2021): 373-389. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/46518.
    Open access
  19. Carvalho, Daniel. "Arqueologia e a Sociedade Portuguesa: definições, papéis e perspetivas do Passado no Presente". ARQUEOLOGIA & HISTÓRIA 70 (2020): 237-254. https://www.museuarqueologicodocarmo.pt/publicacoes/arqueologia_historia/serie_13/Vol_70/art03_AH_Vol70-web.pdf.
    Open access • Published
  20. Carvalho, Daniel. "A História da Arqueologia no Novo Milénio: dimensões, métodos e perspectivas para o caso português". Ophiussa 2 (2018): 195-204. https://www.academia.edu/37973381/Carvalho_D._2018_-_A_Hist%C3%B3ria_da_Arqueologia_no_novo_mil%C3%A9nio_dimens%C3%B5es_m%C3%A9todos_e_perspectivas_para_o_caso_portugu%C3%AAs.pdf.
    Open access • Published
  21. Diniz, Mariana; Neves, César; Martins, Andrea; Carvalho, Daniel; Arnaud, José. "Papéis, funções e disfunções do património arqueológico: o caso do Povoado Calcolítico de Vila Nova de São Pedro (Azambuja/Portugal". Arqueologia e História 68 (2018): 169-180. https://www.academia.edu/37848343/_2018_-_PAP%C3%89IS_FUN%C3%87%C3%95ES_E_DISFUN%C3%87%C3%95ES_DO_PATRIM%C3%93NIO_ARQUEOL%C3%93GICO_O_CASO_DO_POVOADO_CALCOL%C3%8DTICO_DE_VILA_NOVA_DE_S%C3%83O_PEDRO_AZAMBUJA_PORTUGAL_.
    Published
  22. Carvalho, Daniel. "O Ensino da Arqueologia no Século XIX: uma abordagem preliminar de propostas, programas e cursos". Al-Madan 22 1 (2018): 80-85. https://www.academia.edu/35770581/O_Ensino_da_Arqueologia_no_S%C3%A9culo_XIX_uma_abordagem_preliminar_de_propostas_programas_e_cursos.
    Open access • Published
  23. Carvalho, Daniel; Diniz, Mariana. "A emergência da Arqueologia Processual em Portugal: a teoria e o método (1968-2000). Uma introdução. ". Arqueologia em Portugal / 2017 – Estado da Questão (2017): 51-62. https://www.academia.edu/35280107/Carvalho_D._Diniz_M._2017_A_emerg%C3%AAncia_da_Arqueologia_Processual_em_Portugal_a_teoria_e_o_m%C3%A9todo_1968-2000_._Uma_introdu%C3%A7%C3%A3o.
    Open access • Published
Thesis / Dissertation
  1. "The Artificial Theorist: identifying concepts, ideas and patterns in the archaeological discourse of Iberian Peninsula (20th-21st centuries) resorting to Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning". PhD, Universidade de Lisboa, 2025.
  2. "Antiguidades, Gabinetes e Colecionadores: em torno da Arqueologia, no século XVIII em Portugal". Master, Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras, 2019.
Activities

Oral presentation

Presentation title Event name
Host (Event location)
2025/09/04 50 Layers of a Revolution: Prehistoric Archaeology After April 25th, 1974 European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) 2025
(Serbia)
2024/03/18 Arqueolog(IA). O uso da Inteligência Artificial na prática e na teoria arqueológica.
Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses (Lisbon, Portugal)
2023/12/16 Theory Strikes Back. Rethinking Theoretical Archaeology In The Age Of Its Ontological Reconfiguration European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) (2023)
(Belfast, United Kingdom)
2023/09/06 Elden Ruins: the conceptualization of ruins in the history and theory of Archaeology Jornadas de Jovens Investigadores em Arqueologia (JIA) 2023
(Lisbon, Portugal)
2023/09/06 Maritimidade, Antropologia Anfíbia e Hiperobjectos. Três conceitos para repensar o Mar e as suas relações em Arqueologia. Jornadas de Jovens Investigadores em Arqueologia (JIA) 2023
(Lisbon, Portugal)
2023/09/06 The End of Archaeology or why we need revolutions Jornadas de Jovens Investigadores em Arqueologia (JIA) 2023
(Lisbon, Portugal)
2023/09/02 Dark Souls. The idea of violence in the scope of Western European Megalithism: concepts, discourses and materialities. European Association of Archaeologists (EAA) (2023)
(Belfast, United Kingdom)
2023/04/06 Robotics and Archaeology – on the state of the art and beyond Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) 2023
(Amsterdam, Netherlands)
2023/04/04 An Archaeology of Probabilities Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) 2023
(Amsterdam, Netherlands)
2023/02/16 The archaeological thought in Howard Carter: on manuals, methods and tools in the excavation of the tomb of Tutankhamun Tutankhamun And Carter: Assessing The Impact of a Major Archaeological Find
(Lisbon, Portugal)
2023/02/15 On VR as a “Time Machine”. How virtual reality impacts Archaeology and its engagement with different publics Mediterranean Archaeology Australasian Research Community (MAARC) 2023
(Sidney, Australia)
2022/12/16 Textual Landscapes? On the existence of Literary Landscapes and how to archaeologically approach them Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) 2022
(Edinburgh, United Kingdom)
2022/11/12 The leash of Kronos – How chronologies imprison archaeologists Contemporary and Historical Archaeology in Theory (CHAT) 2022
(Lisbon, Portugal)
2022/11/12 The tyranny of the binary. Academic closed narratives Contemporary and Historical Archaeology in Theory (CHAT) 2022
(Lisbon, Portugal)
2022/10/28 The (in)aesthetics of ruins: a conceptual history on archaeological discourse VIII Iberian Meeting on Aesthetics
NOVA FCSH (Lisbon, Portugal)
2022/10/12 Robótica e Arqueologia: construir um arqueólogo artificial Arqueologia em Construção
UNIARQ
2022/10/07 Por uma arqueologia do antropoceno: tempo, identidade e novos artefactos numa nova era Antropocênica
Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian (Lisbon, Portugal)
2021/12/18 Analysing FILE: The Book of Harris Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) 2021
2021/12/18 The Book of Harris Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) 2021
2021/12/17 The Artificial Theorist: can (and should) robots think about Archaeology? Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) 2021
2020/02/13 Pensar a morte do artefacto arqueológico: a ontologia na questão do descarte TAG Ibérico 2020
(Lisbon, Portugal)
2018/11/28 Arqueologia e a Sociedade Portuguesa: perspectivas contemporâneas do Passado no Presente
Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses (AAP) (Lisbon, Portugal)
2017/12/19 Theory? No Thanks. An approach to the issues of Archaeological Theory in scientific discourse. The Portuguese case Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) 2017
(Cardiff, United Kingdom)

Event organisation

Event name
Type of event (Role)
Institution / Organization
2025/10/29 - Current Organised and lead the process of creating a dynamic map of all archaeology centres conducting research in the field of Artificial Intelligence within the scope of MAIA Cost Action (https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA23141/). Together with members of Working Group 1 (WG1), we are creating the framework and form that will be used to capture the required data. (2025/10/29)
2023/09/06 - 2023/09/08 Member of the Jornadas de Jovens Investigadores em Arqueologia (JIA) 2023 Lisbon Organisation, between 6 and 8 September, a total of 25 sessions dedicated to different topics, a round table and a workshop, which will be reflected in 192 communications/posters, involving a total of 100 institutions. Responsible for creating and maintaining the event website: https://jia2023lisboa.wordpress.com/ (2023/09/06)
Congress (Member of the Organising Committee)
Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras, Portugal
2023/09/06 - 2023/09/06 Organised the session "Revoluções em Arqueologia: ideias, rupturas e novos caminhos" as part of the JIA LISBOA 2023 congress, 6-8 September, 2023. Its objective was to discuss the concept of revolution as applied to archaeology – a set of radical changes that altered one or more aspects of a community's daily life in a marked and sometimes irreversible way. This discussion allows us to look at the discipline from prehistory to the present day. (2023/09/06 - 2023/09/06)
Other
Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
2023/09/06 - 2023/09/06 Co-organised the session "Onde a terra se acaba e o mar começa. Por uma arqueologia da maritimidade: identidades, crises e relações" as part of the JIA LISBOA 2023 congress, 6-8 September, 2023. Its objective was to discuss the concept of maritimity and the importance of theorizing aspects of archaeologies that are made in proximity with aquatic landscapes. (2023/09/06 - 2023/09/06) Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
2023/09/01 - 2023/09/01 Co-organised the session “What now, theoretical archaeology? Thinking theory in the Fourth Scientific Revolution” as part of the EAA 2023 congress, 30 August to September 2, 2023. Its goal was to discuss the role of theory and its intersection with technology as well. To this end, topics such as technology in late capitalism, machine determinism, and meta-approaches to archaeology were explored. (2023/09/01 - 2023/09/01) Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
2023/04/06 - 2023/04/06 Organised the session "Robotics and Archaeology – on the state of the art and beyond" as part of the CAA 2023 congress, 3-6 April, 2023. From a global view of the roles that robots play in the field, it was possible to bring together perspectives on their intervention in museum environments, on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), robots for experimental archaeology and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) (2023/04/06 - 2023/04/06) Universiteit van Amsterdam, Netherlands
2023/04/04 - 2023/04/04 Co-organised the session “For new epistemologies in Archaeology: using probability, networks and mathematical models to build archaeological knowledge” as part of the CAA 2023 congress, April 3-6, 2023. Its objective was to explore frameworks that are able to embrace a sheer volume of possibilities that shape complex events of the past, demonstrating how to build a sturdy epistemological basis. We explored Bayesian methodology, Network Theory and AI theory and applications to discuss multiple ways for constructing hypotheses about the Past. (2023/04/04 - 2023/04/04) Universiteit van Amsterdam, Netherlands
2022 - 2023 Organised the TALOS Workshops. During the workshops, each participant worked on an individual project to which they added, in a cumulative manner, the new knowledge that was conveyed. To this end, software such as RawGraphs was taught for creating customised graphics; Visone for building networks; QGIS for producing digital cartography; Mendeley for managing bibliographies; and TinkerCad for understanding the fundamentals of 3D modelling, to be further explored in Blender. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWhfzl1zaLY) (2022) Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras, Portugal
2021/12/17 - 2021/12/17 Organised the session "On Artificial Past Lives: Uses and Consequences of Artificial Intelligence, Data Science and Simulation in Archaeology" as part of the TAG 2021 congress, 17-18 December, 2021. This session focused on Virtual Reality, data, and artificial intelligence for archaeological research and their theoretical frameworks while reflecting in the implications of Simulation for Archaeology. (2021/12/17 - 2021/12/17)

Ad Hoc journal article review

Journal title (ISSN) Publisher
2024 - Current PCI Archaeology (2742-1929)

Association member

Society Organization name Role
2019 - Current Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses (AAP) Member

Course / Discipline taught

Academic session Degree Subject (Type) Institution / Organization
2025/06/30 - 2025/07/11 Responsible for the session on ‘Technologies and Digital Humanities in Archaeology’ of the course New Contexts for Teaching and Learning: Digital Humanities and the recovery and dissemination of cultural heritage, promoted by FLUL-HD. The objective was to develop students' ability to share knowledge and resources related to cultural heritage, apply digital methods and tools in research, and produce digital educational resources adapted to different levels of education. (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_ULytcQB2mm-7GS6JTD7PcyUdIRvPvHk/view) Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras, Portugal
Distinctions

Other distinction

2020 Finalista da competição 3 Minutos de Tese – Universidade de Lisboa